Acne vulgaris, a medical term for pimples, is a common cutaneous disorder characterized by the formation of non-inflammatory comedones (blackheads and whiteheads) or inflammatory lesions( papules, pustules, nodules or cysts) on the face, neck, and trunk. Acne can have a profound psychological impact, often contributing to low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety.
Despite the common generalization that acne predominately affects adolescents during puberty, however, it may persist into adulthood or develop de novo in adulthood. Adolescent acne exhibits a male predominance while postadolescent acne predominantly affects women.
How does Acne Develop?
Acne is characterized by a blockage and inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit comprising of the hair follicle, hair shaft and sebaceous gland. There are 4 basic events involved in the development of acne lesions:
Hair follicles become blocked with an overabundance of normal skin dead cells. These cells combine with sebum (an oily substance that lubricates the hair and skin), creating a plug in the follicle.
Sebaceous glands that produce sebum become more active during puberty because of the increase in androgen, especially testosterone.
The increase in sebum production allows the overgrowth of a bacterium called Cutibacterium Acne which is a flora of the skin. The clogged follicle is a great nutritional support for the bacteria.
Inflammation occurs as a result of bacterial overgrowth. This can lead to rupture of the follicle and the formation of red and tender acne.
Find Out Why?
Proposed contributory factors for acne have included:
Skin Trauma - Repetitive mechanical trauma, such as scrubbing affected skin with soaps, detergents, and astringents, can worsen acne by rupturing comedones and promoting the development of inflammatory lesions.
Dietary habits - The role of diet in acne is a topic under constant investigation. Some studies suggest a connection between acne and dairy products; surprisingly, skimmed milk might be more linked to acne than full-cream milk. However, the widely held belief that chocolate worsens acne lacks substantial evidence. - High glycemic load diets, such as those rich in white rice, glutinous rice, white flour bread, and roti canai, are implicated in the development and deterioration of acne. A study conducted among Chinese adolescents with moderate to severe acne vulgaris revealed an increased risk associated with sweetened beverages like sweetened tea, fruit-flavored drinks, and carbonated beverages.
***Glycemic load is a nutritional concept that refers to a measure of glucose-raising potential of dietary carbohydrates.
Body Mass Index
- Obesity is closely related to hyperandrogenism, hence individuals with high body mass index (BMI) are at risk of developing acne vulgaris.
Genetic Factors - One study stated that the heritability for acne vulgaris estimates range from 50-90%.
Insulin Resistance - Insulin resistance stimulates increased androgen production and is associated with increased sebum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a finding linked to increased facial sebum excretion.
Other Factors - Psychological stress is often proposed as a potential exacerbating factor for acne. - Endocrine disorders such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, and even pregnancy. A premenstrual flare-up in acne seems to follow edema of the pilosebaceous duct. This occurs in 70% of female patients.
The Battle Begins
Acne, being a chronic skin condition, often leads to complications such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and acne atrophic scars. Fortunately, numerous treatment options are available to address these issues, ranging from topical skincare products and medical creams to prescription medications. Additionally, advanced treatments like chemical peels, light-emitting diodes (LED therapy), and various aesthetic procedures for acne scars such as microdermabrasion, microneedling, subcision, resurfacing laser, platelet-rich fibrin treatment, and skin injectables can be used as adjuncts for achieving optimal outcomes.
What Can You Do Through Your Own Effort?
Wash your face no more than twice daily using gentle foaming wash.
Do not pick or squeeze the acne lesions/pimples as it may worsen acne and scarring.
Use a moisturizer to minimize dryness and skin peeling, which are common side effects of some acne treatments.
Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen, to avoid excessive sun exposure to minimize skin damage.
Exercise caution when purchasing skincare products, as they could be aggravating your existing acne breakout without your awareness. Avoid oil-based or silicone-based cosmetics, which can exacerbate acne by clogging the pores. Patients suffering from acne are recommended to use products that are formulated for blemish-prone skin. Choose skincare products that are labeled ‘oil-free’ or ‘non-comedogenic’. Similarly, stay away from alcohol-based products, as they can dry out the skin. Skincare routine consisting of beta hydroxy acid such as salicylic acid; vitamin A derivatives for example retinoids are advised as these ingredients can help prevent clogged pores, reduce sebum, and decrease inflammation.
When to seek professional treatment?
The sooner acne is treated, the less likely it is for patients to develop long-lasting scars. If you have very mild acne, you can attempt self-treatment using over-the-counter products such as benzoyl peroxide, adapalene, salicylic acid, or tea tree oil. However, it's advisable to consult a healthcare professional for guidance on the most effective treatment if the condition worsens or shows no improvement after 2-3 months of home treatment.
Most patients grappling with persistent acne problems frequently find themselves battling active breakouts and scars simultaneously. At our clinic, we adhere to a fundamental principle: 'First control the active acne, then combat the scars.' Once the active acne is effectively managed, we initiate treatments for scars, including advanced techniques like resurfacing laser, subcision, and skin injectables. Our holistic approach ensures that we address both current acne issues and the remnants they leave behind, helping our patients achieve clear, smooth, and healthy skin.
Introducing You to Our Cutting-Edge Laser System
At Dream Clinic, we proudly introduce the Fotona SP Dynamis NX Line, our state-of-the-art laser technology that offers a complete solution to acne-related concerns. Our dual-wavelength laser system, comprising Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers, are ideal for providing a full range of acne laser treatments to bring you fast results without side effects.
For active acne, Fotona’s Nd:YAG laser precisely targets overactive sebaceous glands, reducing inflammation and preventing new acne outbreaks. The laser's thermal effects not only expedite healing but also stimulate collagen remodeling, a crucial step in long-term acne treatment. When it comes to acne scars, Fotona’s Er:YAG laser gently and safely revises scars by resurfacing the skin, vaporizing scarred tissue layers, and revealing healthy skin below. This process triggers collagen formation, enhancing skin texture and tone.
In conclusion, do not let acne and its scars hold you back any longer. Take the first step towards clear, smooth, and radiant skin by scheduling a consultation with us. Our approach extends beyond treating active acne; we focus on managing scars effectively, ensuring a comprehensive solution to your skin concerns. Join us on a journey to healthier, happier skin at Dream Clinic. Let us be your partners in rediscovering your confidence!
